Miracal Nanobots

Nanobots Flip Off Cancer Switch in Cells

There is now proof that a Nobel Prize-winning technology can deliver targeted therapy directly to cancer tumor cells, say a team of California Institute of Technology researchers led by Mark Davis, who published their findings in Nature. Their clinical trial showed that a specialized polymer nanoparticle injected into patients' bloodstreams did indeed carry a genetic off-switch message to cancer cells, rendering their proteins unable to replicate. 

"The importance here is being able to model and target the protein," research team member Antoni Ribas, associate professor of medicine and surgery at the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, told TechNewsWorld. 

Now that the nanotech-based method has been demonstrated, researchers can start working with it to develop therapies not only for cancers, but also for degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, study team member Yun Yen, associate director for translational research at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, told TechNewsWorld. 

Hidden Proteins 
Researchers already knew that disabling cancer cells from replicating might hold the key to important advances in treatment. However, prior to this clinical trial, they had trouble targeting the specific proteins building the cells, which sometimes remain hidden in the folds of genetic strands. 

This is where a discovery more than a decade old comes in. Nobel Prize winners Andrew Fire and Craig Mello found that shutting down cancer genes was easier when using RNA interference. This method uses double-stranded small interfering RNA chains (siRNAs) to cut the messenger RNA cancer cells use to repliate, rather than the RNA or DNA itself. 

Researchers Fire and Craig made their discovery in worms, though, and before now, no one had shown that the siRNAs could be introduced into humans and make their way to targeted cancer cells. 

Now, Davis, Ribas, and their team have the pictures to prove that they've used nanoparticles to deliver siRNAs directly to cancer cells and that the siRNAs have indeed interfered with the cancer cells' ability to multiply. Electronic microscopy has captured images of the nanoparticles around and even within the cancer cells. 

Safety First 
The research is part of a Phase I clinical trial of the new therapy, in which potential treatments are first checked for safety in human subjects. Fifteen patients overall were involved, Ribas told TechNewsWorld. All had cancer, although their tumors varied in type. 

Only three of the patients had cancerous cells biopsied to demonstrate the efficacy of the nanoparticles and siRNA, noted Ribas. 

These patients had melanoma, a skin cancer, and thus the cells were easier to reach for biopsy, he explained. 

The next step is for researchers to enroll more patients and complete Phase II and III clinical trials, Ribas said. 

Hitting the Bullseye 
The cancer cell proteins targeted by the nanoparticle-delivered agent were indeed split at exactly the place the researchers intended, Davis said. This is the first time this mechanism has been demonstrated in humans, and its implications stretch to many forms of cancer and farther afield into other diseases. 

"In principal," Davis said, "that means every protein now is druggable because its inhibition is accomplished by destroying the mRNA." 

The problem for researchers up to now has been getting the interference chemicals into the cells themselves -- in this case, cancer cells. Davis' team has developed a unique polymer that can self-assemble into a nanoparticle that contains the siRNA. The team has shown that the nanoparticles reach cells in different concentrations based on different doses, which means that there are possibilities for tailoring dosages of disease-fighting siRNA on a disease-by-disease, or even patient-by-patient, basis. 

Now that a delivery platform has been established, Yen said, researchers need not stop at delivering agents that interfere with cell growth. They can also develop ways to repair the cellular damage caused by aging. 

"We also could deliver a gene to rejuvenate the cell," he said. "In this study, we already can see that we can inhibit a cell; what I'm saying is that we also can enhance it." 

Easy Way To Teach 1 To 100 To A Child Without Beating And Without Fear To Win The Future Challenges

Easy Way To Teach 1 To 100 Without Beating And Without Fear In The Mind Of A Child Of 3Yrs Who Has Just Started Education.

Introduction:-

One day I was waiting for my elder son outside the school premises. As the examination would be over after half an hour, I have free time & mind without any work. Suddenly, I heard the cry of a she child (girl) who was learning twenty, thirty with her mother. Her mother taught her 20 = twenty and repeated it 10 to 15 times, then similarly in case of 30 = thirty & 40 = forty to memorize her.

Now, the confident mother wanted to know the result and asked to say 20 but the child said 20 as thirty, then the mother was unhappy. Again she asked 30, and the answer was 30 as twenty. Immediately, her mother started beating the little & sweet she child (girl) by holding her hair and the child started crying. After a while, again when asked, the child could not correctly say twenty, thirty even for single time within a half an hour time till I was waiting there and was beaten times and again.

Unfortunately, in this case the theory of ‘Probability’ did not work which states that chances of answer would be right or wrong is 50:50. I was astonished that no single answer was correct – why? What wrong was there in the teaching approach of her mother?

This incident let me think about my mother who taught me ten, twenty, thirty so perfectly.

The cry of the child inspired me to find an easy way so that any child who starts education can easily learn ten, twenty, thirty and so on and without be beaten by mother/teacher.

If I succeed in my effort, then I will dedicate this to my mother who is my 1^st teacher as well as the little beautiful she child who inspired me for such a noble work.

About 3 days later the event mentioned earlier, when I was as usual waiting outside the school premises for my son who was attending the examination, I saw the beautiful she child was playing with her doll in the extreme corner of their courtyard. Her mother was not present in the courtyard and no books were seen lying on the floor.

As I had about half an hour free time without any work, due to curiosity, I tried to find out what the child was doing ? While minutely followed, I noticed that the she child was teaching her doll twenty, thirty. Bah ! I was relieved from mental agony to see that the child had not only learnt twenty, thirty, but also was so confident that she began to teach to her doll.

Please think, if I was right in my assumption, like all of you, I would be the first person to thank God for His kind blessing to the child and my mind would be filled with immense joy for her performance.

CONTD...........LATER WITH TRICKS

Mrs. & Mr. Basak

E-Mail ID: reetkum@yahoo.in

Web- www.mastimaths.webs.com

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